Introduction: Binary, Hexadecimal numbers, octal numbers and number conversion.
Signed Binary number representation: Signed Magnitude, 1’s complement and 2’s complement representation.
Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Arithmetic: 2’s complement arithmetic.
Number System: Introduction, Binary Number System, Decimal To Binary, One's Complement, Two's Complement, and other topics.
Algebra for logic circuits: Logic variables, Logic functions -NOT, AND, NOR, XOR, OR, XNOR, NAND
Boolean algebra: Truth tables and Boolean algebra. Idealized logic gates and symbols. DeMorgan's rules Axiomatic definition of Boolean algebra, Basic theorems and properties of Boolean algebra
Logic minimization: Representation of truth-table, SOP form, POS form, Simplification of logical functions, Minimization of SOP and POS forms, Don’t care conditions
Reduction techniques: K-Maps up to 4 variables and Quine-McClusky technique
Boolean Algebra, Realization of Boolean expression with gates, Example, Dual of an expression, Duality Principle, Boolean Algebra Theorems, Proofs, and other topics.
TTL: Standard TTL characteristics- Speed, power dissipation, fan-in, fan-out, current and voltage parameters, noise margin, operating temperature etc. Operation of TTL NAND gate. TTL Configurations- Active pull-up, Wired AND, totem pole, open collector.
CMOS: CMOS Inverter, CMOS characteristics
Interfacing: TTL to CMOS and CMOS to TTL
Characteristics of ICs, Propogation Delay, Power Dissipation, Figure of Merit, Fan In, Fan Out, Current and Voltage Parameters, Noise Margin, Operating Temprature, TTL Family, TTL Nand: Totem Pole, and other topics.
Arithmetic Operations: - Binary Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, BCD Addition
Circuits: - Half- Adder, Full Adder, Half Subtract or, Full Sub tractor, BCD adder using and subtract using 7483, look ahead and carry, parity generator and checker using 74180, magnitude comparator using 7485.
Multiplexers (MUX):- Working of MUX, Implementation of expression using MUX (IC 74153, 74151).
Demultiplexers (DEMUX):- Implementation of expression using DEMUX, Decoder. (IC 74138).
Parallel/ Ripple Adder, Look Ahead Carry / Fast Adder, IC 7483, BCD Adder using IC 7483, Subtractor using IC 7483, Adder/ Subtractor using IC 7483, and other topics.
Introduction: Sequential Circuits. Difference between combinational circuits and sequential circuits
Flip- flop: SR, JK, D, T; Preset & Clear, Master and Slave Flip Flops their truth tables and excitation tables, Conversion from one type to another type of Flip Flop.
Sequential Circuits, Moore Ciruits, Mealy circuits, Bitstable element, SR Flip Flop, Characteristic Table, Excitation Table, Characterisitc Equation, State Diagram, SR with Preset and Clear, and other topics.
Application of Flip-flops: registers, counters.
Registers: Buffer register; shift register
Counters: Asynchronous counter. Synchronous counter, ring counters, BCD Counter, Johnson Counter
Shift Left Register, Serial In Parallel Out Register, Parallel In Serial Out Register, Bidirectional Shift Register, and other topics.
Sequential Circuit Design Concepts, Sequence Generator and Sequence Detector.
State Reduction, State Table, Equivalent States, Sequential Circuit Design (synchronous), Example , and other topics.
Algorithmic State Machines: ASM charts, notations, design of simple controller, multiplexer controller method
Examples: Sequence Generator, Types of Counter
Introduction, State Box, Decision Box, Condition Box, State Diagram to ASM chart, Example , ASM to logic Circuit, and other topics.
VHDL: Introduction to HDL, VHDL- Library, Entity, Architecture, Modeling Styles, Concurrent and Sequential Statements, Data Objects & Data Types, Attributes.
Design Examples: VHDL for Combinational Circuits-Adder, MUX.VHDL for Sequential Circuits-Synchronous and Asynchronous Counter
VHDL: Introduction, Entity Declaration, Examples, VHDL Architecture Types, Data Flow/ Concurrent Modelling, Concurrent Statements, and other topics.
PLD: PLA- Input, Output Buffers, AND, OR, Invert/ Non-Invert Matrix.
Design Example: Any 4 Variables SOP function using PLDs, Study of basic architecture of FPGA
Introduction to Microprocessor: Introduction of Ideal Microprocessor, Data Bus, Address Bus, Control Bus, Microprocessor Based System- Basic Operation, Microprocessor Operation, Microprocessor Architecture, Instruction Set
Microprocessor: Introduction, Ideal Microprocessor, Bus, Bus Width, Data Bus, Address Bus, Control Bus, MP: Block Diagram, and other topics.