Database Management System

Basic concepts, Advantages of a DBMS over file-processing systems, Data abstraction, Database Languages, Data Models: Introduction to ER, and Object Relational Model, Data Independence, Components of a DBMS and overall structure of a DBMS, Multi-User DBMS Architecture, System Catalogs

Basic Concepts, entity, attributes, relationships, constraints, keys, ER and EER diagrams: Components of ER Model, conventions, converting ER diagram into tables, EER Model components, converting EER diagram into tables

Basic concepts, Attributes and Domains, Relational Integrity: Domain, Entity, Referential Integrities, Enterprise Constraints, Views, Schema Diagram

Relational Algebra

Characteristics and advantages, SQL Data Types and Literals, DDL, DML, SQL Operators, Tables: Creating, Modifying, Deleting, Views: Creating, Dropping, Updating using Views, Indexes, Nulls

SELECT Query and clauses, Set Operations, Predicates and Joins, Set membership, Tuple Variables, Set comparison, Ordering of Tuples, Aggregate Functions, Nested Queries, Database Modification using SQL Insert, Update and Delete Queries, concept of Stored Procedures, Cursors, Triggers, assertions, roles and privileges Programmatic SQL: Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL.

File Organization, Organization of records in files, Indices, Static and Dynamic Hashing

Basic concept of a Transaction, Properties of Transactions, Concept of Schedule, Serial Schedule, Serializability: Conflict and View, Cascaded Aborts, Recoverable and Non-recoverable Schedules

Concurrency Control: Need, Locking Methods, Deadlocks, Timestamping Methods, Optimistic Techniques, Multi-Version Concurrency Control, Different Crash Recovery methods such as Shadow-Paging and Log-Based Recovery: Deferred and Immediate, Checkpoints