Basic concepts, Advantages of a DBMS over file-processing systems, Data abstraction, Database Languages, Data Models: Introduction to ER, and Object Relational Model, Data Independence, Components of a DBMS and overall structure of a DBMS, Multi-User DBMS Architecture, System Catalogs
Data, Database, Properties of Database, Database Management System, File Systems, Drawbacks of File Systems, and other topics.
Basic Concepts, entity, attributes, relationships, constraints, keys, ER and EER diagrams: Components of ER Model, conventions, converting ER diagram into tables, EER Model components, converting EER diagram into tables
Introduction, Entity, Entity Set, Entity Type, Attributes, Null Values, Relationships, and other topics.
Basic concepts, Attributes and Domains, Relational Integrity: Domain, Entity, Referential Integrities, Enterprise Constraints, Views, Schema Diagram
Relational Algebra
Introduction, Degree / Arity, Domain, Domain Constraint, Key Constraint, Entity Constraint, Referntial Integrity, Integrity Constriants, and other topics.
Characteristics and advantages, SQL Data Types and Literals, DDL, DML, SQL Operators, Tables: Creating, Modifying, Deleting, Views: Creating, Dropping, Updating using Views, Indexes, Nulls
SELECT Query and clauses, Set Operations, Predicates and Joins, Set membership, Tuple Variables, Set comparison, Ordering of Tuples, Aggregate Functions, Nested Queries, Database Modification using SQL Insert, Update and Delete Queries, concept of Stored Procedures, Cursors, Triggers, assertions, roles and privileges Programmatic SQL: Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL.
Introduction, Data Types, Schema And Catalog, Select-From-Where, Cross Product, Aliasing / Rename, Star Symbol (*), SQL results as MultiSet, Set Operations, Generalized Projection - Use of Math. Ops, Order By, String Comparison - Like, and other topics.
File Organization, Organization of records in files, Indices, Static and Dynamic Hashing
Introduction to Files and Blocks, Fixed Length Records, Variable Length Records, Byte Strings, Slotted Page Structure, Reserved Space Representation, List Representation, Organization Of Records, and other topics.
Basic concept of a Transaction, Properties of Transactions, Concept of Schedule, Serial Schedule, Serializability: Conflict and View, Cascaded Aborts, Recoverable and Non-recoverable Schedules
Introduction, Concurrency, Advantages of Concurrency, Schedule, Serial Schedule, Equivalence of Schedules, Conflicting Set of Operations, Conflict Serializability, Serializability, and other topics.
Concurrency Control: Need, Locking Methods, Deadlocks, Timestamping Methods, Optimistic Techniques, Multi-Version Concurrency Control, Different Crash Recovery methods such as Shadow-Paging and Log-Based Recovery: Deferred and Immediate, Checkpoints
Timestamp based Protocols, Timestamp Ordering protocol, Thomas' Write Rule, Optimistic/ Validation Based Protocols, Multiversion Scheme, and other topics.